ᏡᎬ

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ᎯᎠ coniferous ᏏᏉᏯ, ᎯᎠ tallest ᏡᎬ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎡᎶᎯ.

ᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎡᏆ, ᎦᏌᏆᎸ, ᎠᏓ ᎦᎪᏘ. ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮭ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ ᏭᏍᏗᎬᎢ ᏂᎬᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᏂᎬᎾᏗᏍᎪ ᏗᎦᎪᎯᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ 6 m (20 ft) ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎤᏩᎾᏐᎲᎯ ᎠᎴ, ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ, ᎤᎲᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᏚᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲ ᎾᎿ ᏏᏴᏫ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ apical ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎦᎪᏘ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎾᎬᏁᎲ). ᎤᏠᏱᎭᎢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏐᎢ ᎦᎪᏘ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ, ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ-ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ. ᎦᏲᎵ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᏛᏍᎬ 100 m ᎢᏅ ᎢᎦᏘ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ.

ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᏑᏓᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᏩᏍᏛ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎢᏧᏓᎴᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ landscaping ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ, ᏓᏓᏁᎲᎢ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ ᏠᎨᏏ ᏓᏫᏒ (ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏒᎦᏔ). ᏕᏡᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏗᏁᎶᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ mythologies (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ).

ᏗᏓᎴᎾᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᏌᏅᎩ[edit]

ᏧᏍᎦ ᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Denmark

ᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᎪᏘ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏕᏡᎬ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏓᎾᏓᏅᏍᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏓᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᎪᎯᏗ. ᏕᏡᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎤᎾᏛᏁᎸᏗ ᎠᏯᏖᎾ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᎤᎦᎶᎬ ᏗᎦᎪᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᏢᏒᎢ, ᎤᏯᎸ ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ, ᎠᏤᎯᏐᏗᏱ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ.

ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢᏍᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏡᎬ ᏲᎾ ᏤᏍ ᎠᎴ ᏐᏈᎵ ᎦᏂᏗᏛ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏙᎯ ᎢᎾᎨ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Carboniferous ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ; ᏡᎬ ᏲᎾ ᏤᏍ ᏙᎢ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ ᏐᏈᎵ ᏗᎦᏙᎦ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏡᎬ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Triassic ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ, conifers, ginkgo, cycad ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ gymnosperm ᎤᎾᏄᎪᏨ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᎪᏘ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏥ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᎦᎪᎯᏗ ᎠᎴ conifers. ᎯᎠ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ classified.

ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᏛᏏᏒ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎸᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎪᏘ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎫᏝᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎠᏙᎯ ᎢᎾᎨ. ᎯᎸᏍᎩ biotope ᎠᎴ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎡᏆᏯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏕᏡᎬ Ꮎ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏂ; ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ rainforest ᎠᎴ taiga (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ecozone). ᎦᏙᎯ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏕᏡᎬ scattered ᎠᎴ spaced ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ grassland (ᎤᏠᏱᎭ grazed ᎠᎴ ᎤᎴᏴᏒ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᏂᎬᏅ.

ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ[edit]

ᏧᎦᎶᎦ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ
ᏡᎬ ᎤᎾᏍᏕᏢ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏁᏗ ᎠᎹ ᎠᎴ nutrients

ᎯᎠ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎢᎦᏛᎭ ᏡᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏍᏕᏢ, ᎧᏁᏌᎢ (), ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸes, ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎦᎶᎦ. ᏡᎬ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᎬᏫᏳᏛ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎯᏴᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ (xylem ᎠᎴ phloem). ᎠᏓ ᎤᎾᏠᏯᏍᏗ xylem ᎦᏁᎸ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏯᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ phloem ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ cambium.

ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏯᏖᎾ grouped ᎾᎾᎯ ᎦᎪᏘ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎪᏘ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎧᏁᏉᎠ. ᎦᎪᏘ ᏕᏡᎬ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎪᎯᏳᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏕᏡᎬ (ᏂᎦᏛ conifer, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏛ broadleaf ᏕᏡᎬ), ᎠᏛᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎢᏤ ᎠᏓ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ, ᎾᏞᎬᏊ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏯᎸ. ᎦᎪᏘ ᏕᏡᎬ, ᎠᎬᏫᏳᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ monocotyledon (e.g. ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ), ᎠᏛᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎢᏤ ᏭᏚᎸᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ.

ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎦᎪᏘ ᏡᎬ ᎠᏛᏍᎦ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎠᎵᏰᏑᏍᏔᏬ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎤᏴᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏮ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᏗᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏛ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎾᏕᏘᏴᎯᏒ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏰᏑᏍᏔᏬ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏗᏎᎸᎯ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎯᎠ ᏡᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎢᏳ ᎢᎪᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎠᏓ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏆᎫᏔᏅᏒ; ᎪᎯ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏙᎲᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏙᎲᏍᏗ dendrochronology. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ-ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎤᏴᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏮ, ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏫᎬᎵᏱᎵᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᏗᎵᏰᏑᏍᏔᏬ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎪᏢᎯ ᎢᎪᏢᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎸᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ. ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎪᏘ ᏕᏡᎬ.

ᎯᎠ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏡᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ embedded ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎶᎯ, ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎳᏍᎬ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ-ᎦᏙᎯ biomass ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎹ ᎠᎴ nutrients ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, Ꮎ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎦᏙᎯ nutrients ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᏡᎬ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ Ꮝ biomass ᎦᎷᎦ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ carbon dioxide ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ photosynthesis). ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎶᎬ-ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ ᏚᏩᏂᎦᎸ, ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᎪᏅᏙᏗᏱ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏐᎢ ᎦᎪᏘ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ sunlight. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏩᏂᎦᎸ optimizes ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎦᎶᎦ sunlight.

ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎤᎭ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎪᏘ ᎤᏔᎾ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛᎭ ᎤᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ branched, ᎯᎠ saguaro ᎤᎵᏰᏍᏗ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᎤᎭ Ꮭ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏧᎦᎶᎦ, ᏡᎬ ᏲᎾ ᏤᏍᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏯᎸ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ. ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎤᏙᏢᏒᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎬᎢ, ᏂᎦᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ nonetheless ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎸᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ. ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎢ, ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᏗᏓᏁᏤᏗ. ᎦᎪᏘ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏠᏱ ᏡᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎤᎲᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ, ᏎᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎠᎴ/ᎠᎴ ᏚᏩᏂᎦᎸ Ꮎ ᏗᎶᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎦᎪᏘ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, Ꮭ ᎪᏍᏓᏯ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎦᎪᏘ ᎠᎴ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵᏊ. ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᎬᎢ, bonsai ᏗᎦᎪᎯᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᏦᏍᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎾᏍᏋ 'ᏕᏡᎬ', ᎠᎴ ᏌᏊ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏦᎠᏎᏙᏗ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᏢᏒᎢ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏗᎪᏣᎴᏛ ᏗᎪᎥᎯ. ᏕᎦᏅᎦᎵᏍᎬ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏰᎵ ᎢᎩᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏡᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏕᎦᏅᎦᎵᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏕᏡᎬ. Bamboo ᎾᎥᎢ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ, ᎿᏛᎦ ᎤᎾᏛᏁᎸᏗ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ, ᎩᎳ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏅᎯ ᎢᏳᏓᎵ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᏕᏡᎬ.

ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ ᏕᏡᎬ[edit]

ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ ᏕᏡᎬ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ; ᏂᎦᏛᎢ, ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎠᎴ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ, ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᏂᎬᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ Ꮎ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎾᎿ ᎦᏙᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᎠᏰᎲᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ conifer, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ; ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᏅᎩᏁ ᏚᏙᏢᏒᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏰᎲᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ conifers.

Tallest ᏕᏡᎬ

ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎯᎠ tallest ᏕᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎤᎪᏗ ᎠᏗᏒᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏣᏘ (ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ) ᏄᎶᏍᎨᏗᏴᎾ. ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ verified ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ laser rangefinders ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎪᎭᏍᎬ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏡᎬ ᎫᎴᎦ, ᎠᏫᏛᏓ ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ U.S. Eastern Native Tree Society[1] ᎤᎭ ᎤᎾᏓᏎᎮᎸᎩ Ꮎ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᎦᏴᎳᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎢᏗᎬᎾᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏝᏏᏛ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᏄᎶᏍᎨᏗᏴᎾ 5% 15% ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ. ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᎾᏗᏍᎩ ᏕᏡᎬ 114 m, 117 m, 130 m, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ 150 m, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏊ ᎡᏆᏯ ᎬᎨᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏝᏏᏛ, ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏊ accepted ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎯᏍᎩ tallest reliably ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ:

  1. ᏎᏉᏯ Sequoia sempervirens: 112.83 m, Humboldt Redwoods ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᏕᎳᏧᏢᎢ.[2]
  2. ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ Douglas-ᎢᏤ ᎠᏓ Pseudotsuga menziesii: 100.3 m, Brummit ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏪᏴ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ, ᎤᏩᎦᏂ[3]
  3. Sitka ᏕᎦᏅᎦᎵᏍᎬ Picea sitchensis: 96.7 m, ᎢᎪᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏪᏴ Redwoods ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᏕᎳᏧᏢᎢ (Gymnosperm Database)
  4. ᏂᎬᎢ ᏏᏉᏯ Sequoiadendron giganteum: 93.6 m, Redwood ᎣᏓᎸ ᎸᏱ, ᎠᏕᎳᏧᏢᎢ[4]
  5. Eucalyptus regnans Eucalyptus regnans: 92.0 m, ᏨᏍᎩᏃ ᎤᎨᏓᎵᏴ, Tasmania[5]
ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ ᏡᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ; ᎪᎯ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ
Stoutest ᏕᏡᎬ

ᎯᎠ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ (ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ) ᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ – ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ – ᎤᏣᏘ ᎠᎯᏗᎨ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏗᏓᏁᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᎾᏌᏁᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ. ᎦᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ ᎪᎯ, ᎡᎵᏏᎯ ᏡᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᏗ Alan Mitchell ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎦᎪᏘ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ:

"ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᏍᏗ ᏧᏆᎫᏔᏅᏒ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎦᎪᏘ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎯᎠ ᏡᎬ ᎾᎾᎢ Tisbury ᎤᎭ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ, ᎤᏓᏅᎦᎸᏓ, ᎢᏳᏃ ᏂᏙᏓᎳᎬᎾ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ 1.5 m ᎦᏅᎯᏓ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ dilated ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ: 11.28 m (1834 Loudon), 9.3 m (1892 Lowe), 10.67 m (1903 Elwes ᎠᎴ Henry), 9.0 m (1924 E. Swanton), 9.45 m (1959 Mitchell) .... ᎢᎬᏱᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᎧᎵᏏᏐᏗ".

ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᎥ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ, ᏡᎬ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ 'ᎦᏁᏥ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ'; ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢᎭ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ foresters ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᎾᎾᎢ 1.3 m ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎤᏬᏚ ᏡᎬ measurers ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ 1.5 m ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎦᏙᎯ; ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎪᎯ ᏗᎪᏢᏅ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ. ᎾᎿ ᎠᎷᏚᎧᏘ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎯᎠ "ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎦᏙᎯ" ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏒᏂᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᎠᎴ ᎡᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᎦᏙᎯ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏣᏅᏙ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏧᏆᎫᏔᏅᏒ ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᏐᎢ--ᎤᏯᎸ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ, ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᏰᎵ ᎤᏝᏅᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ.

ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏡᎬ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ; ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎾᎥᎢ dividing ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ π; ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏓᎿᏩᏍᏛ-ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ (ᎤᏪᏥ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎠᎴ ᏂᏙᏓᎳᎬᎾ ᏓᏓᎿᏩᏍᏛ-ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎦᏐᏆᎸ). ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ cited ᏥᏄᏍᏗ dbh (ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎦᏁᏥ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ) ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏡᎬ ᎪᏪᎸ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ.

ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ baobab ᎠᏓᏂᏐᏉᎠ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᏓᎾᏅ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎹ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏩᏂᎨᎢ ᎠᏓ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ. ᎪᎯ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ, ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎢᏳ ᎤᏕᏘᏴᏌᏗᏒ, ᏭᏍᏗᎬᎢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎧᏲᏗ ᎢᏳ ᎤᏕᏘᏴᏌᏗᏒ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ baobabs ᎤᎭ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏕᏡᎬ, Ꮭ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏊ ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ 10-11 m ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ.

ᎯᎠ stoutest ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᎧᏃᎯᏯᏍᏗ baobabs, ᎠᎴ:

  1. Montezuma ᏗᏓᏂᏐᏗ Taxodium mucronatum: 11.42 m, Árbol del Tule, Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca, ᎠᏂᏍᏆᏂᎢ (F. Mitchell, ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ Dendrology ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎪᏪᎵ 1983: 93, 1984).
  2. ᏂᎬᎢ ᏏᏉᎠ Sequoiadendron giganteum: 8.85 m, ᏂᎦᎥ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᏡᎬ, ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎸᏱ, ᎠᏕᎳᏧᏢᎢ[6]
  3. ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ Redwood Sequoia sempervirens: 7.44 m, ᎢᎪᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏪᏴ Redwoods ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᏕᎳᏧᏢᎢ[7]
ᎤᏔᏂᎢᏍᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ

ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᎢᏍᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎢᏅ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏚᏂᏴ ᎡᏆ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ. ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏂᎦᏛ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏎᏍᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ. Ꮭ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎢᏳᏊ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᎤᎾᏍᏕᏢ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ.

ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ ᏅᎩ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎢᏅ ᎠᎴ:[8]

  1. ᏂᎬᎢ ᏏᏉᏯ Sequoiadendron giganteum: 1489 m³, ᏂᎦᎥ Sherman ᏡᎬ
  2. ᏏᏉᏯ Sequoia sempervirens: 1045 m³, Del Norte ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᏡᎬ
  3. ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ Redcedar Thuja plicata: 500 m³, Quinault ᎥᏓᎵ Redcedar
  4. Kauri Agathis australis: 400 m³, Tane Mahuta ᏡᎬ (ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᏚᏩᏂᎦᎸ, 516.7 m³)

ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ Alerce Fitzroya cupressoides, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎩᎳ ᎦᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ-ᎡᎷᏪᎢ, ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏦᎢᏁ ᎠᎴ ᏅᎩᏁ ᎾᎿᎢ, ᎠᎴ Montezuma ᏗᏓᏂᏐᏗ Taxodium mucronatum ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᎢᏍᏗ angiosperm ᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ Australian ᎣᏓᎸ-ᎪᏍᏚ, ᎯᎠ 'ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Grande' ᏡᎬ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 380 m³ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Tasmania.

ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᏕᏡᎬ

ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏕᎫᎪᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᏗᎵᏰᏑᏍᏔᏬ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎯᎠ ᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏰᎳᏍᏗ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏛᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏡᎬ. ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᏗᎵᏰᏑᏍᏔᏬ, ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ seasonal ᏄᏍᏛ ᎤᏴᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏮ; ᏕᏡᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏠᏱᎭ ᏧᎾᏬᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ-seasonal ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎤᏴᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏮ ᎠᏛᏍᎬ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᏗᎵᏰᏑᏍᏔᏬ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏡᎬ; ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᏕᏡᎬ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ heartwood ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ, ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏙᏗ extrapolating ᎠᎵᏱᎵᏒ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏚᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎢᏲᏍᏛ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᎤᏝᏅᏓᏕᎲ.

ᎯᎠ verified ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎤᎧᏁᎳ ᎠᎴ (Gymnosperm Database):

  1. ᎡᏆ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ Bristlecone ᏃᏥ Pinus longaeva: 4844 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ
  2. Alerce Fitzroya cupressoides: 3622 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ
  3. ᏂᎬᎢ ᏏᏉᏯ Sequoiadendron giganteum: 3266 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ
  4. Huon-ᏃᏥ Lagarostrobos franklinii: 2500 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ
  5. Rocky ᏙᏓᎸ Bristlecone ᏃᏥ Pinus aristata: 2435 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ

ᏐᎢ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᏥᎳᏫᏎᎸ ᎠᎾᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ European ᎦᎪᏘ Taxus baccata (ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 3000 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ) ᎠᎴ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ Redcedar Thuja plicata.

ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ verified ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ angiosperm ᏡᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ 2293 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ Sri Maha Bodhi ᎦᎸᏉᏗ ᎤᏓᏍᏓᏲᎯᏎᏗ (Ficus religiosa) ᎦᎧᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 288 BC ᎾᎾᎢ Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka; ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᏴᏫ-ᎦᎧᏅ ᏡᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᎠᏂᎧᏅᏍᎬ ᎢᏳ ᎢᎪᎯ.

ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏡᎬ genera[edit]

ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᎪᏘ (Magnoliophyta; angiosperms)[edit]

Dicotyledon (Magnoliopsida; broadleaf ᎠᎴ hardwood ᏕᏡᎬ)[edit]

ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᏢᏩᎵᎦ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ.

Monocotyledon (Liliopsida)[edit]

Coconut ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ, monocotyledonous ᏡᎬ.

Conifer (Pinophyta; softwood ᏕᏡᎬ)[edit]

Ginkgo (Ginkgophyta)[edit]

Cycad (Cycadophyta)[edit]

ᏲᎾ ᏤᏍ (Pterophyta)[edit]

ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ[edit]

File:Mokh.jpg
ᎦᎪᏘ-ᎫᏝᎢ ᏡᎬ.

ᎯᎠ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᏕᏡᎬ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ conifers, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᏯᏙᎸ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ forestry ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ documentation ᏂᏚᏰᎸᏛᎢ, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎯᎠ boundaries ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎯ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ foresters:

  1. ᎤᎦᏔ
  2. ᎠᏲᎵ: ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ-ᎦᏙᎯ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ Ꮎ ᏚᏱᏢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᏔ
  3. Sapling: ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᎠ 1 m ᎢᏅ ᎢᎦᏘ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᎠ 7 cm ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ
  4. ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎠᏓ: ᎠᏲᎵ ᏕᏡᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 7–30 cm ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ
  5. ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ ᏡᎬ: ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 30 cm ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᎠᏤᎯᏐᏗᏱ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ
  6. ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᏡᎬ: ᎠᎨᏓᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎠᏙᎯ ᎢᎾᎨ; ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎤᏍᎦᏃᎳ ᏰᎵ ᎡᏆᏯ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ productivity ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ
  7. Overmature: dieback ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ
  8. ᎤᏢᏓᎸᏓ: ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᎠᏓ
  9. ᏕᎪᏪᎸ/ᎢᎦᏛ: ᎤᎶᏒᎢ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᎠᏓ

ᏡᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ 1.3–1.5 m ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ Ꮝ alenvdidsv (ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎦᏁᏥ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ"). ᎯᎠ 7 cm ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎳᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗ ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ, ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ saleable ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᏂᎬᎢ (ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ꭺ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ), ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ 30 cm ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ alenvdidsv ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ sawlogs. ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ pathogens ᎠᎴ ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ arboreal ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ.

ᏓᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ[edit]

  1. ↑ U.S. Eastern Native Tree Society
  2. ↑ Gymnosperm Database
  3. ↑ Gymnosperm Database
  4. ↑ Gymnosperm Database
  5. ↑ Forestry Tasmania [pdf file]
  6. ↑ Gymnosperm Database
  7. ↑ Gymnosperm Database
  8. ↑ Gymnosperm Database

ᏫᏓᏎᏄᎢ[edit]

  • Pakenham, Thomas (2002). ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗᏳ ᏕᏡᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ. ISBN 0-297-84300-1.
  • Pakenham, Thomas. (1996). ᏓᎾᏠᏍᎦ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗᏳ ᏕᏡᎬ. ISBN 0-297-83255-7.

ᎯᎪᏩᏔ ᎾᏍᎦ ᎾᏍᏇ[edit]

ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ[edit]

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