ᏓᏬᎵ

Boletus edulis

ᏓᏬᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ-ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᏓᏔᏅ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎸ (Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ-ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ) ᏂᎯ, ᎤᎲᎢ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᏍᏚᎶ. ᎾᎥᎢ ᎧᏁᏉᎥᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏂᎯ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᏔᏅ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎸ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ (ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎯᎠ mycelium) ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᎠᎴ hyphae. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏣᏘ broader ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ, ᏓᏬᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᎬᎾᏔᏅᎯ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᏂᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᏔᏅ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎸ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏂᎯ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ mycelium ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎬᏍᎦᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏯᎸ, ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎤᎪᏏᏛ ᎠᏓ, ᏧᎦᎶᎦ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ. ᏓᏬᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏦᏍᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ-ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ "ᎤᏙᎯᏳ" ᏓᏬᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ basidiocarp. ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ "ᏚᏩᎷ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ basidiocarp Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏗᏄᏬ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ.

ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᏓᏬᎵ

ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᎴ agarics (ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎦᎳᏅᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏩᏗᏒ), boletes, chanterelles, ᎦᏅᏙᎬ fungi, polypore, puffball, ᏤᎵ fungi, ᎠᏣᏅᏙ fungi, ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ fungi, stinkhorn, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎫᎩᏍᏗ fungi. ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ fungi ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ mycologist. ᎯᎠ "ᎤᏙᎯᏳ" ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᎴ classified ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Basidiomycota (ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ fungi"). ᎦᏲᎵ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᎴ classified ᎾᎥᎢ mycologists ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Ascomycota (ᎠᎴ "ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ fungi"), ᎯᎠ morel ᎠᎴ truffle ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏌᏊ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏙᏗ macroscopic fungal ᎤᏓᏔᏅ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᏰᎸ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏌᏊ ᎤᎲᎢ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ taxonomic ᎦᏛᎬᎢ. ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗᏇ 14,000 ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᎸ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏓᏬᎵ; ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ 1.5 ᎢᏳᏆᏗᏅᏓ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ fungi, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 140,000 ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ (ᏓᏬᎵ, ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ, Nutritional ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ, ᎠᏅᏬᏗ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ Environmental ᏓᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ Chang ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ, 2004)

ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᏓᏬᎵᎠᎴ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎾᏓᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎬ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ. ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏍᏗ nutritional ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ varieties ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏍᏗ ᎪᏢᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᏤᎵ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏁᏗ vitamins ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ thiamine (BTemplate:Ssub), riboflavin (BTemplate:Ssub), niacin (BTemplate:Ssub), biotin (BTemplate:Ssub), cobalamins (BTemplate:Ssub) ᎠᎴ ascorbic ᏧᏄᏦᏍᏔ (C), ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎪᎢ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ, selenium, potassium ᎠᎴ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᏎᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎯᎯous, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ varieties, ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᏂ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᎲᏲᎵᏍᏗ. ᎠᎾᏑᏰᏍᎬ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ risky —riskier ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎠᏂᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎦᎪᏘ— ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ undertaken ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎩ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮎ separating ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᏄᏬ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎦᏲᎵ ᎠᎯᏗᎨᎢ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ. ᏴᏫ ᎦᎪ ᎠᏓᏂᏢᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎦᏃᎭᎵᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᏓᏓᏂᏟᏍᎬ ᎠᏂ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᏂᏃᎯᎵᏙᎲ.

ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ

ᎠᏓᏙᎯᏙᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎧᏁᎦ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎪᎵᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ macroscopic ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ. "ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ" ᏓᏬᎵ ᎤᎾᏠᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᏚᎶ ᎠᎴ pileus ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎠᎴ stipe. ᎢᏧᎳ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏣᏅᏙ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏫᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ underside ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏍᏚᎶ (ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ agarics) ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵ ᎢᎩᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎪᏍᏓᏱᎠᎴ lamellae ᎭᏢᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏒ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏓᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ boletes, ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏌᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏚᎵᏍᏚᎢᏒ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ. ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ fungi ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎦᎷᎶᎩ stipe, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏍᏚᎶ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ, ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᏕᎪᏪᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏡᎬ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ fungi ᎤᎭ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ, ᎠᏂᏐᎢ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ.

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᎥ, ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏠᎨᏏ ᎬᏗᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ. ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎧᏁᎦ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ; ᏌᏊ ᎠᏎ ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎤᏥᎳᏛᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏯᎨ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏁᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ. ᎠᏥᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎥᎦᏔᎲ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ colour, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ. ᎪᎯ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ, ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎢᎬᎾᏗ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ ᎦᎴᏯᏛ.

Apical ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ

Apical ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎢᎬᎾᏔᏅᎯ ᏓᏬᎵ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏐᏴ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ germinating mycelium ᏗᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏐᏴ ᎨᏒᎢ uniyatolv ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏌᏊ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ, ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ. ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏬᎵ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ apical ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ.

ᏓᏬᎵ genera ᎬᏙᏗ apical ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ Agrocybe, Panaeolus, Psilocybe, ᎠᎴ Pholiota.

Chemical properties

ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏁᏉᏨ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ chemical properties ᏓᏬᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ Ꮎ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ metabolites Ꮎ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᏂ ᎠᏓᎯᎯ, ᎣᏓᏅᏛ-ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ bioluminescent. ᎠᏓᎯᎯ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᏗᏁᎶᏗ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏯᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ basidiocarp: ᎯᎠ mycelium ᎤᎭ ᏚᎵᎬᏩᎳᏂᏙᎸ ᎤᎪᏗ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎴ protoplasmic ᏭᏚᎸᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏏᎾᏍᏛ ᎠᏗᎦᎴᏯᏍᏗ Ꮝ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ. ᏌᏊ defence ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏑᎾᎴᎢ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ chemicals Ꮎ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏬᎵ inedible, ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ causing ᎯᎠ consumer ᏗᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᏅᏬᏗ) ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏗᏓᏅᏗᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏂᎦᏛ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᏲᎶᎬ). Psilocybin ᏓᏬᎵ ᏄᏩᎿᏅ psychedelic properties. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎤᏕᎵᏛ ᎬᏗ ᎠᏛᏁᎸᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ" ᎠᎴ "shrooms", ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎯᏍᏛ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᎦᏛᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ Psychedelic ᏓᏬᎵ). ᏎᏍᏗ ᏐᎢ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎳᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ psychoactive ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ tvga agaric, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏅᏬᏗic ᏂᏚᏰᎸᏛᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ.

ᎾᏊ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᎴ fungi utilized ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᎦᏯᎭ ᏅᏬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ethnobotanistᎠᎴ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏅᏬᏘ researchers. Maitake, shiitake, ᎠᎴ reishi ᎠᎴ ᏧᏓᏃᏣᎵ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ researched ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏱᎩ anti-ᎠᏓᏰᏍᎩ, anti-viral, ᎠᎴ/ᎠᎴ tohi adedi-enhancement properties. Psilocybin, ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ psychedelic ᏓᏬᎵ, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎤᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ꮝ ᏅᏏᎾᏒ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏂᎩᎵᏲᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗᏱ ᎥᏳᎩ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ obsessive-compulsive ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ. ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᎴ migraine ᎥᏍᎪᎵ ᎣᏪᏍᏓᏁᎲ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ potentiate ᏧᏁᎸᏗᏯ ugatohvsv. ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ entheogen. ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ psychoactive properties, ᎢᎦᏛ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎤᎭ ᏚᎾᏁᎶᏅ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᏅᏬᏘ, ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗᏱ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗᏱ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎧᎵᏏᏐᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. ᏌᏊ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ Velada ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ. ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏎᏍᏙ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏅᏬᏗ, curandera (ᎠᎵᏣᏙᎲᏍᎩ-healer), Maria Sabina.

ᎢᎦᏛ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᎸ starters (ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ fungi). Ötzi ᎯᎠ Iceman ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎬ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏓᏬᎵ. ᏓᏬᎵ, ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ fungi, ᏫᎵ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᏗᏁᎶᏗ kanquotsegi ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ biological remediation ᎠᎴ filtration technologies. The US Patent and Trademark office ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ searched ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᎲ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏴᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᏚᎾᏙᎷᏩᏛᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ mycoremediation ᎠᎴ mycofiltration.

ᏓᏬᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ

• ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Tolkien' ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏰᏑᏍᏔᏬ, hobbits ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎸᏉᏛᎩ ᏓᏬᎵ.

ᎧᏅᏑᎸ

• 

  Basidiocarps (mushrooms) of the fungus Leucocoprinus sp.

• 

  Chinese mushrooms.

• Mushroom immatures.jpg

  Emerging mushrooms, too young to accurately identify.

• 

  Ganoderma sp.

• 

  Laetiporus sulphureus.

• 

  Some mushrooms have vivid colors, like this Amanita muscaria.

• Diminute mushrooms.JPG

  Diminute mushrooms.

ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ

• ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ
  • Champignon ᎠᎴ ᎦᏙᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ
  • ᏓᎬᎾ ᏓᏬᎵ
  • Shiitake ᏓᏬᎵ
• ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᏂᏃᎯᎵᏙᎲ
• Psychedelic ᏓᏬᎵ

ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ

• MykoWeb: Mushrooms, Fungi, Mycology
• North American Mycological Association
• The Shroomery ᎤᏎᎸᎩ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ Psilocybe ᏓᏬᎵ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ, ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ, psychedelic ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ, ᎠᏁᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ lyadvnehi ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ
• The Mushroom Council (U.S.A)
• Green Mountain Mycosystems: Independent research on traditional medicinal mushroom properties, and premium mushroom-based teas and extracts
• A list of psilocybin-containing mushrooms
• MushWorld
• African Pygmies - Mushroom gathering
• An Aid to Mushroom Identification (Simon's Rock College)
• Cluster Busters, information on medicinal use of hallucinogenic mushrooms to treat headaches
• Mushroom Info
• Effects of psilocybin-containing mushrooms
• Mushroom Expert,great website containing huge informations on both farmed and wild mushrooms.

ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ

• ᏂᎦᏛ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ dituyasdanelv, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ (1991) ISBN 0-89815-388-3
• ᎠᏛᏏᏒ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏅᏬᏗ ᏓᏬᎵ (2000) ISBN 1-58008-175-4
• ᏓᏬᎵ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ: ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ ᎠᏛᏏᏒ ᏓᏬᎵ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎣᏪᏅᏒ (1983) ISBN 0-9610798-0-0
• ᏓᏬᎵ: ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ, Nutritional ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ, ᎠᏅᏬᏗ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ Environmental ᏓᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗᏍᎬ" (2004) ISBN 0-8493-1043-1
• Mycelium ᎠᏓᏟᏒᎢ: ᎯᎳᎪ ᏓᏬᎵ ᏫᎵ ᎠᎯᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ (2005) ISBN 1-58008-579-2
• ᏓᏬᎵ Demystified: ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᎢ Fungi (1986) ISBN 0-89815-169-4
• Psilocybin ᏓᏬᎵ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ: ᏩᎾᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᎵᏦᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ (2004) ISBN 0-932551-64-5
• Psilocybin ᏓᏬᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ (1996) ISBN 0-89815-839-7