ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ

ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎧᏁᏣ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ (ᎠᎪᎢ ἀρετή) ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Celsus ᎪᏪᎵ ᏕᎦᏅ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ephesos, ᎬᎾ

ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ (Latin ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ; ᎠᎪᎢ Template:Polytonic) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ. ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎣᏍᏛ. ᎯᎠ conceptual ᎠᎿᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ.

ᎯᎠ ᎠᎪᎢ ᎧᏁᏨ Template:Polytonic (aretē) ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᎷᏨ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎩᎵᏏ. ᎯᎠ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ derived ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Latin ᎧᏁᏨ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ vir ᎦᏛᎬᎢ "ᎠᏍᎦᏯ" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ "ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᏯᎾᏛᏁᏗ" ᏁᎭ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ; ᏯᏛᎾ "ᎯᎠ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᏍᏆᏗᏍᏗ". [The unrelated Latin word vis means simply "power" or "violence"; ancient grammarians were unable to distinguish the two words.] Cf. Ernout-Meillet, Dictionnaire étymologique ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏂᏚᏍᏛᎢ langue latine: Histoire ᏕᏍ ᎧᏁᎬᎢ.

ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎸᎯᏳᎢ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ subtleties, ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ identified ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏓᏄᏩᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ. ᎪᎯ ᎤᎭ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎧᏁᏣ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᎵᏒ ᎧᏁᏨ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎠᎨᏴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎪᎵᏍᏗ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᎩ Leo Strauss expresses ᎾᏍᎩ, "ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ Ꮎ ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ ᏁᎵᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎪᎵᏍᏗ ᎠᎨᏴ."

ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏁᎵᏒᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏄᏓᎴ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ ᎤᎭ normative ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ; ᎠᏯ.e. ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎭᏰᎳᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏰᎳᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎤᎵᎶᎲᏍᎩ ᎭᏰᎳᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏰᎳᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ (ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮝ normative ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ) vs. ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ, ᎨᏯᏔᎯ, ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎪᎵᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ. (ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ).

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎪᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏗᏙᎳᏤᎩ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ Template:Polytonic (ēthikē aretē). ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ "ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ". ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ itsuwakodi. ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏎ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ.

ᎯᎠ ᏅᎩ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ

ᎯᎠ ᏅᎩ lyudetiyvda ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᏙᏧ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ:

• ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ  : Template:Polytonic (sōphrosynē)
• ᎨᏯᏔᎯ  : Template:Polytonic (phronēsis)
• ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ  : Template:Polytonic (andreia)
• ᏚᏳᎪᏛ  : Template:Polytonic (dikaiosynē)

ᎪᎯ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒ ᎠᎪᎢ ᎤᏬᎳᏨᎯ, ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᏧᎳ Plato ᎠᎴ Socrates.

ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ

ᎯᎠ ᏚᏙᎥ "ᏙᏧ" ᎨᏒᎢ derived ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ cardo ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎦᏙᏌᏗᏍᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎩ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ pivotal ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ.

ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ, ᎢᎦᏛ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᎩ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏂᎬᎢ Plato ᎠᎴ Aristotle, ᏄᏪᏒᎩ Ꮎ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ, ᏌᏊ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎠᏂ ᏂᎦᏛ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎣᏍᏛ, ᏌᏊ ᎠᏎ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏔᎾᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ - ᏌᏊ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᏘᏲᎯᎭ Ꮎ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᎦᏔᎾᎯ - ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Plato' ᎢᎬᏱ ᏓᎾᎵᏃᎮᏍᎬ, ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᏛᏗ Ꮎ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ ᏏᏴᏫ ᏗᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ, ᎠᏎᏱᎩ 'ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏐᏅᎢ'. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ, ᎤᏄᎸᏅ ᏄᏩᎿᏅ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ Ꮎ ᏌᏊ ᎦᎷᎶᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ.

Aristotle ᎠᏗᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ harmonized:

• dianoethic (ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ;

• • Template:Polytonic (ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ tōn archōn) - ᎪᎵᏍᏗᏱ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ,
  • Template:Polytonic (epistēmē) - agatohvsdi,
  • Template:Polytonic (sophia) - agatohvsdi,
  • Template:Polytonic (technē) - ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᏥᏳ,
  • Template:Polytonic (phronēsis) - ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ)
• ᎠᎴ ethic (ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ;
  • ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ:
    • Template:Polytonic (andreia) - ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ,
    • Template:Polytonic (sōphrosynē) - ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ;
  • ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ-ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ:
    • Template:Polytonic (eleutheriotēs) - ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ,
    • Template:Polytonic (megaloprepeia) - ᎠᎦᎵᏯ;
  • ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ-ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ:
    • Template:Polytonic (megalopsychia) - ᎠᏢᏉᏛ,
    • Template:Polytonic (philotimia) - assertivity,
    • Template:Polytonic (praotēs) - ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᎤᏔᎳᏬᏍᎬ;
  • ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ:
    • Template:Polytonic (eutrapelia) - ᎤᏬᏢᏗ,
    • Template:Polytonic (alētheia) - ᏚᏳᎪᏛ,
    • Template:Polytonic (philia) - ᎣᎵᎢ;
  • ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ:
    • Template:Polytonic (dikaiosynē) - ᏚᏳᎪᏛ)

ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ.

Nietzsche ᎨᏒᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏪᏛ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ denies ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ, ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏔᎵ ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ.

ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ

Seneca, ᎯᎠ ᎶᎻ Stoic ᏄᏪᏒᎩ Ꮎ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ. ᎤᏤᎵ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ Ꮎ ᎢᏳᏃ ᏂᎯ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᎢᏍᏗ ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ, ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎤᎳᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᏯ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎳᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ.

ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᏁᎸᏗ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ

Template:See also ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎯᏳᏗ, ᎤᏚᎩ ᎬᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎬᎨᏳᎢ/ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ, ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᎷᎦ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 1 ᏄᏍᏛ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ 13:13 (νυνι δε μενει πιστις ελπις αγαπη τα τρια ταυτα μειζων δε τουτων η αγαπη pistis, elpis, ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ). ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ (ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ-ᏎᏍᏗ) ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏒ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ.

ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ

ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ nanahwunvgi ᎾᎾᎯ broader ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ. ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏰᎵ underlying ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ Ꮎ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ iyahdvnelidasdi ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ, ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ/ᎠᎴ ᎾᏁᎵᏍᎬᎢ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ). ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ Ꮝ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎯ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ, ᏃᎵᏍᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ (e.g. ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏂᎪᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. Societies ᎤᎭ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ Ꮎ ᎠᎴ shared ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ participants ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮎ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ. ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ' ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆᏯ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ.

ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ grouped ᎾᎾᎯ ᏌᏊ ᏅᎩ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ:

• ᏧᏂᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ (ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ - ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ, ᎣᏍᏛ - ᎤᏲᎢ, ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ - ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏔᏅᎯ - amoral, ᏚᏳᎪᏛ - ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏔᏅᎯ, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎡᎵᏒᎢ - impermissible)
• ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ (ᎤᏬᏚᎯ, ᎤᏁᎩᎸᏗ, ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ, ᎣᏏ ᎠᏰᎸᏍᎩ)
• ᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ (ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ, ideological, ᏧᏁᎸᏗᏯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒᎠᎴ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ)
• ᎢᎦᏛ/ᎢᎦᏛ (ᎢᎦᏛ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ, ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ)

ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ iyahdvnelidasdi ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏒᎯ ᎠᎴ prioritized ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ (ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᎸ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ) Ꮎ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᏗᏂᏂᏴ.

ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ (ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎣᏍᏛ) ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ:

• ᎪᎯᏳᏙᏗ
• ᎣᏩᏒ
• ᎠᏓᎵᎮᎵᏤᏗᏱ
• assertiveness
• autonomy
• awareness
• ᎤᏘᏴᎯ
• ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎤᏬᏚᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ
• ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ
• ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎪᎵᏍᏗ
• ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ
• commitment
• ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ
• ᎰᏩ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ
• ᎣᏓᏅᏛ
• ᏧᏳᎪᏗᎭ
• cooperativeness
• ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ
• courteousness
• creativity

• ᎤᏓᏚᎯᏌᏘ ᎠᎾᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ
• ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ
• dependability
• ᎠᎽᏰᎵ
• ᎤᎵᏍᏛ
• ᎤᏍᏗ ᏓᏆᎴᎷ
• ᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ
• empathy
• ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ
• ᎠᎦᎵᏲᎢᏍᏗ
• ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ
• ᎤᏬᏚ
• ᎪᎯᏳᏗ
• ᎪᎯᏳᏗ
• ᎠᏰᎵ
• ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ
• ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ
• ᎣᏓᏅᏛ
• tohi adedi
• ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᏫᎵ

• ᎣᎵᎢ
• ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ
• ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏥᏓᏍᏗ
• helpfulness
• ᏧᏳᎪᏗᎭ
• honour
• ᎤᏚᎩ ᎬᏗfulness
• ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ
• ᏄᏢᏉᏛᎾ
• ᎤᏬᏢᏗ
• ᎣᏓᏅᏛ
• ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ
• ᎬᏙᏗ
• ᎤᏁᎳᏅ ᎤᏬᏢᏅ
• ᎧᎵᏬᎯ
• ᎣᏓᏅᏛ
• inventiveness
• ᏄᏓᏅᏘᏴ
• lovingness
• ᎪᎯᏳᎯ

• ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ
• ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ
• ᏂᏚᏍᏛᎢ
• ᎤᏢᏲᎸᎯ
• ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ
• nonviolence
• nurturing
• ᎪᎯᏳᎯ
• ᎢᎦᏪᏛ
• ᏄᎶᏍᎨᏗᏴᎾ
• ᏅᏦᎠᏎᏍᎬᎾ
• nvwato hiyadvfulness
• ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅᎯ
• ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ
• ᏚᏳᎩᏛ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎩ
• ᏰᎵᏊ ᏱᎩ
• ᎨᏯᏔᎯ
• ᎤᏰᎸᏛᎢfulness
• ᎪᎯᏳᎯfulness
• ᎠᏚᏓᎸᏗ

• ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ
• ᎣᏩᏒ-awareness
• ᎣᏩᏒ-ᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ
• ᎣᏩᏒ-ᎦᎸᏉᏗ
• ᎣᏩᏒ-utugi gvsv
• ᎣᏩᏒ-ᎪᎯᏳᎯ
• sensitivity
• sharing
• ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎪᎯᏳᏗ
• ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫ ᏄᎾᏍᏛ
• ᎤᏪᏙᎵᏍᏗ
• ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗfulness
• ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ
• ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ
• ᎧᎵᏬᎯ
• ᏚᏳᎪᏛ
• ᎪᎵᏍᏗᏱ
• ᏄᏓᏅᏘᏴ
• agatohvsdi

ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ

ᎯᎠ ᎠᎿᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ. ᏌᏊ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ organizing ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎯᎠ ᏙᏧ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏄᎵᎶᎲᏍᎬᎾ, ᎤᎨᏳᎾᎯ, ᎤᏓᏂᎳᎯᎨ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏚᎵᏍᎩ. ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᏁᎸᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ, ᎤᏚᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ.

ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Aristotle ᎪᏪᎶᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎿᏗᏢ. ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏔᎵ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏄᎵᏍᏛ, ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᏓᏂᎳᎯᎨ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎵᎶᎲᏍᎬᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎿᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ; ᎠᎵᏍᎦᏁᏍᎩ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ-ᎠᏓᏓᏰᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏓᏰᏙᏗ. ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ "ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ" ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ, ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ, ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ayatoli-mindedness ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏬᏰᏂ ᎠᎴ ᏩᏂᎨᎢ-headedness ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ. ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏋ identified ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎿᏗᏢ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏓᏰᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎠᎿᏗᏢ, ᏂᎦᏛ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏐᎢ.

ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ

ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᏓᎴᎾᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᏌᏅᎩ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎩ enumerated ᎾᎥᎢ Thomas Aquinas ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 13th sqohitsuqui tsudetiyvdi. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᏁᎶᎯ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏂ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏧᎾᏁᎸᏗ ugatohvsv ᎤᎭ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ, ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏒᎯᏰᏱ. ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Cassian ᎠᎴ ᏒᎯᏰᏱ. Gregory ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆ."[1] "ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ" ᎠᎭᏂ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎦᏙᎬ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎪᎵ (Latin ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ) ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎯᎸᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏂ, e.g., ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎨᏳᎾᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏕᎵᏛ ᏗᏅᏏᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏚᎵᏍᎩ.

ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏢᏉᏛ, ᎠᏓᏛᏳᏤᎯ, ᎤᎨᏳᎾᎯ, ᎤᏔᎳᏬᏍᎬ, ᎤᏚᎵᏍᎩ, ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏋ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᎿᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ: ᏄᏢᏉᏛᎾ, ᏄᏢᏉᏛᎾ, ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ, ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ, ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎪᎵᏍᏗ, ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏚᎩ ᎬᏗ (ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᎶᎯ). ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᏙᏧ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎤᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ. ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ "ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏍᏆᎳ ᏗᏍᏆᎵᏛ" Ꮎ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏙᏗ ᏴᏫ behaviour. ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ reinforced ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᏌᏊ ᎢᏳᏩᏂᏐᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ.

Ranked ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ Dante ᎤᏤᎵ ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ (ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Purgatorio), ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᎴ:

1. ᎠᏢᏉᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎶᏍᎨᏗᏴᎾ — ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎣᏩᏒ (ᏚᏂᏴᏒ ᎣᏩᏒ atsinuqowisgv ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎦᏙᎬ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏴᏫ; Dante ᎤᏤᎵ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ "ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎣᏩᏒ ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏛ ᎠᏓᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏲᎠᏎᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎾᎥ ᎢᏧᎾᏓᎵ"). ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Latin ᏠᎨᏏ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ, ᎠᏢᏉᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ superbia.
2. ᎤᎨᏳᎾᎯ (ᎤᏚᎳᏗ, ᎤᏚᎳᏗ) — ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᏄᏩᎿᏅ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏌᏊ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ (ᎠᎴ, ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ Dante, "ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎠᏕᎳ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ"). ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Latin ᏠᎨᏏ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ, ᎤᎨᏳᎾᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ avaritia.
3. ᎤᏚᎵᏍᎩ — ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ sexual ᎤᏚᎳᏗ. Dante ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎦᏛᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ "ᎤᏚᎵᏍᎩ ᎪᏣᎴᏛ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎬᎨᏳᎢ". ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Latin ᏠᎨᏏ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ, ᎤᏚᎵᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ luxuria.
4. ᎠᏔᎳᏬᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏔᎳᏬᏍᎬ — ᎤᎾᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᏓᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ, ᎠᏞᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎣᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ ᎤᏚᎵᎭ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ (Dante ᎤᏤᎵ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ "ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏛ ᎠᏞᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎵᏍᎦᎾᏁᏗ"). ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Latin ᏠᎨᏏ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ, ᎠᏔᎳᏬᎯᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ira.
5. ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ — overindulgence ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ, ᎠᏗᏔᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ intoxicants, ᎠᎴ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏥᏓᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ꮝ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏥᏓᏍᏗ ("ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏥᏓᏍᏗ" ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ Dante ᎤᏤᎵ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ). ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Latin ᏠᎨᏏ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ, ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ gula.
6. ᎠᏓᏛᏳᏤᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎪᎯᏳᎲᏍᎬᎾ; ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ (Dante: "ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏛ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ deprive ᏐᎢ ansigaya ᎤᎾᏤᎵ"). ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Latin ᏠᎨᏏ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ, ᎠᏓᏛᏳᏤᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ invidia.
7. ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎴ Laziness; ᎤᏓᏄᎸᎯ ᎠᎴ wastefulness iyuwakodi allotted. Laziness ᎨᏒᎢ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ ᎤᎭ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏰᎯᎨ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏓ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᏍᏆᏛᎯ. (ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ accidie, acedia)

ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ hierarchy ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎠᏢᏉᏛ (ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎣᏩᏒ atsinuqowisgv ᎢᎦᏘᎭ) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ (ᎯᎠ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ-ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏤᏫᏍᎬ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ), ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᏋ, ᎠᏓᏛᏳᏤᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ. ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏴᏫ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏣᏘ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎣᏩᏒ. ᎯᎠ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ schema ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏫᎵ ᏗᎪᏏᏐᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ.

ᎯᎠ 4th sqohitsuqui tsudetiyvdi Egyptian ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᏓasgaya udal nigesvna Evagrius Ponticus ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ "ᎠᏓᎨᎵᏲᏤᏗ," ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᎸᎬᎢᏗᏢ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ, ᏙᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏓ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ "ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏓᎨᎵᏲᏤᏗ" ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ. ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏕᎫᎪᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏓᏅᏘ ᎠᎵᏃᎮᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎨᎵᏲᏤᏗ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏒᎧᎵ ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᏁᎶᎯ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1992 ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Paul ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎠᎦᏛᎴᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏧᎾᏁᎸᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏍᎪᎯ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᏧᏂᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Beatitudes ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ.

ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Chinese ᎤᏬᎳᏨᎯ

ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ (translated ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "te" 德) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Chinese philosophies ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Confucianism ᎠᎴ Taoism. Chinese ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏁᎲ, xiao ᎤᏠᏱᎭ translated ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏁᏉᎬ ᏚᏳᎩᏛ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎩ, ᎠᎴ zhong ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ. ᏌᏊ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ normative ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏣᏘ Chinese ᎠᎾᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮎ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ Ꮎ ᏌᏊ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏕᏅ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Analects, ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏫᏒ ᎤᏃᎮᎸᎩ Ꮎ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎤᎾᏠᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ global ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᏍᎩ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ: ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ, ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ ᎦᎸᏉᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ, ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎪᎯᏳᏗ, ᎠᎦᎵᏯ, ᎠᎴ ᏄᏓᏅᏘᏴ.

ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ

ᏡᏡ Seligman ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ researchers ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ ᎠᏓᏅᏏᏙᎠ, ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎿ dysfunction ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏗᎪᏢᏅ nvwatohiyadv ᎠᎴ ᏐᏈᎵ ᎤᏂᏴᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫ ᏄᎾᏍᏛ, ᎠᏫᏒᏗ atsinuqowisgv ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ "ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ widest ᏰᎵᏊ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏴᏫ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎦᏲᎵ ᎢᏳᏃ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎠᎴ ᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᎬᏩᎾᏓᎴᎩ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏔᏅ, Seligman ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᎾᏗᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ; ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ Ꮎ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᎸᏉᏙᏗ ᏄᏓᏅᏘᏴ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏗ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏩᏒ.

ᎯᎠ researchers ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᏔᎳᏍᎪᎯ-ᏅᎩ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ Ꮎ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎬᏩᎾᏓᎴᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ, uniyatolv ᎾᎾᎯ ᏑᏓᎵ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ.

• agatohvsdi ᎠᎴ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ: creativity, ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏛ-mindedness, ᎬᎨᏳᎢ ᎠᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬ, ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ
• ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ: ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ, ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ, ᎧᎵᏬᎯ, ᎪᏢᏒᎢ
• ᏴᏫ ᎠᏁᎲ: ᎬᎨᏳᎢ, ᏄᏓᏅᏘᏴ, ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ
• ᏚᏳᎪᏛ: citizenship, ᎤᏬᏚ, leadership
• ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ: ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ, ᏄᏢᏉᏛᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏢᏲᎸᎯ, ᎨᏯᏔᎯ, ᎣᏩᏒ-ᏗᎳᏏᏙᏗ
• ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ: ᎠᏓᎵᎮᎵᏤᏗᏱ ᎤᏬᏚ ᎠᎴ ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ, ᎤᎵᎮᎵᏣᏘ, ᎤᏚᎩ ᎬᏗ, ᎤᏬᏢᏗ, ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫ ᏄᎾᏍᏛ

ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ 'ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ'

• "ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎪᏢᏗ ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᎧᎵᏏᏌᏅᎯ ᏂᎯ ᎪᎯᏳᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ (ᎪᏍᏓᏱ) ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ (ᎪᏍᏓᏱ) ᎬᏙᏗ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎣᏩᏒ-ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ (ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ) ᎠᎴ ᎣᏩᏒ-ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ steadfastness, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ." ᎢᏤ ᎢᏤ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ, ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ Peter 1.5-7.

ᏫᏓᏎᎸᎢ

1. ᎢᏤ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᏁᎶᎯ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ, ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᏁᎶᎯ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ, 1967. pg 704.

ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ

• Bushido
• ᏓᎾᏩᏄᏁᎯ
• Consequentialism
• Epistemic ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ
• ᏧᏂᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ
• ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ
• ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎬᏗ ᎪᎳᏨᎯ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ
• ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ
• ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ
• Paideia
• ᎦᎵᏉᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ
• ᎠᏍᎦᏂ
• ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ
• ᏦᎢ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ.
• ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ
• ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ
• ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᏧᏂᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ
• ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ Ultima

ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ

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ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ

• Cardinal, Contrary, Heavenly and other Virtues
• Virtues in Quran
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• The Virtues Project
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• VirtueScience.com
• Virtue Magazine
• Catholic Encyclopedia "Cardinal Virtues"
• Summa Theologica "Second Part of the Second Part"
• The Courage Project