ᎣᏓᎸᎢ
ᎣᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ landform Ꮎ extends ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎦdagatuwisdisgv terrain ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ. ᎣᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ steeper ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎦᏚᏏ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎪᏗ overlap, ᎠᎴ usage ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏚᎾᎳᏏᏛ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎣᏓᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ ᎬᏙᏗ topographic prominence ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ: ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎯᎠ Encyclopædia Britannica ᎧᏁᎦ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ prominence 610 m (2,000 ft).
ᏙᏓᎸ ᎫᏢᏗ 52% ᏓᎶᏂᏰᏍᏏ, 36% ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ, 25% ᏳᎳᏛ, 22% ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ, 17% ᏏᎳᏗᏝ, ᎠᎴ 3% ᎬᎿᎨᏍᏛ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ, 24% ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ mountainous. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ, 1 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 10 ᏴᏫ ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ mountainous regions. ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ rivers ᎠᎴ ᎨᎶᎸᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎣᏓᎸ ᏙᏧᏓᎴᏅ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᏴ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏁᎲ ᎠᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᎹ. [1]
ᎯᎠ adjective montane ᎨᏒᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ mountainous areas ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏂ.
Contents
Heights[edit]
Heights ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ heights ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ. ᎯᎠ Himalayas ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ 5 km ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ, whilst ᎯᎠ Andes ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ 4 km. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏐᎢ ᎣᏓᎸ ranges ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ 2-2.5 km.
ᎯᎠ ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᎣᏓᎸ ᎾᎿ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ Everest, 8,848 m, ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ significant ᎣᏓᎸ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᎯᎠ Himalaya. ᏐᎢ definitions ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏊ. ᎯᎠ ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ farthest ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ centre ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ Chimborazo ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ecuador. ᎾᎾᎢ 6,272 m ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎯᎠ tallest ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Andes, ᎠᎴ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ bulges ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎠᎴ Chimborazo ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᏍᏚᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ 2,150 m ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ centre ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ Everest. ᎯᎠ ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ Ꮎ rises farthest ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Ꮝ ᎠᎴᏅᏗalenvdidsv ᎨᏒᎢ Mauna Kea ᎾᎿ Hawaii, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 9,000 m ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎠᎴᏅᏗalenvdidsv ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏯᏖᏃᎯ ᎯᎠ Pacific ᎠᎺᏉᎯ.
ᎾᎾᎢ 26 km (Fraknoi et al., 2004), ᎯᎠ tallest ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᎣᏓᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ solar ᎢᏯiyahdvnelidasdi ᎨᏒᎢ Olympus Mons, ᎤᏂᎷᏨ ᎾᎿ Mars.
Characteristics[edit]
ᎯᎠ altitude ᏙᏓᎸ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ tops ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏴᏢ layers ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᏫᏄᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ glaciation ᎠᎴ erosion ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎤᏯᏨᏒ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ. ᎪᎯ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ classic ᎣᏓᎸ ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ ᎤᏙᏢᏒᎢ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎤᎭ glacial ᎥᏓᎵ, ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ melting glaciers; ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ 3,000 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Bhutan.
ᏰᎵᏊ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᏅ ᎢᎦᏘ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ climatic conditions ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏗalenvdidsv, ᎠᎴ ᏫᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎤᎭ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅᎾᎾᎢ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ altitudes ᎾᎿ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ slopes. ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦdigakohidi ᎠᎴ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏯᏛᎾ isolated ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎯᎠ zones ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ inhospitable, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ unique species ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎿ mountainsides ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ. ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎦᎷᎾᏗ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ. ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᏙᎯ ᎢᎾᎨᎠᎴ forests ᎾᎿ ᎣᏓᎸ ᏗᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ attract moisture ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ, creating unique ecosystem.
ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏴᏫ habitation; ᎯᎠ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ harsher, ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏓᎦᎶᎩᏍᎬ. ᎾᎾᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ altitudes, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ oxygen ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ solar radiation (UV). Acute ᎣᏓᎸ ᎤᏢᏥᏰᏍᎩ (ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ hypoxia - ᎦᎷᎶᎩ oxygen ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎩᎬ) affects ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᏴ lowlanders ᎦᎪ ᎤᏩᏍᎬ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎦᏲᎵ ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ 3,500 metres. Despite ᎢᎦᏛ biological adaptation ᎾᎥᎢ peoples ᎦᎪ ᎤᎭ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ ᎾᎿ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎢᏯᏍᎪᎯᏧᏈ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ, ᏧᎾᏍᏗᎢ' ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ birthweight ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏛᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ 100 grams ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᎥᎢ 1,000-metre ᎤᏁᏉᎢᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ altitude.
ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏂᎬᏩᏍᏛ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ recreation. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎤᏦᏍᏗ ᎦᎴᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ spectacular ᏫᏓᎧᏃᏗᏱ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏴᏫ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎾᏁᎶᎲᏍᎩ mountaineering. ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎯᎠ site ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎾᏁᎶᎲᏍᎩ downhill skiing. ᏴᏫ engaging ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ activities ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎡᏙᎠ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎣᏓᎸ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏰᎸᏛᎢ.
Geology[edit]
ᎣᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏏᏙᎠ lithospheric ᏗᏖᎵᏙ, ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ orogenic ᎠᏓᏅᏏᏙᎠ ᎠᎴ epeirogenic ᎠᏓᏅᏏᏙᎠ. ᎯᎠ compressional ᎠᏂᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ, isostatic uplift ᎠᎴ intrusion igneous ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎠᏂᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ ᎦᏚᎢ ᏅᏯ upwards, creating landform ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎦdagatuwisdisgv ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎨᎦᏃᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏗᎪᏢᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ ᎦᏚᏏ ᎠᎴ, ᎢᏳᏃ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ steeper, ᎣᏓᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ heights ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎨᎦᏃᏗ termed ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏚᏏ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎯ ᏰᎵ ᎡᏆᏯ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎤᏤᎵ topography. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏙᏓᎸ tend ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ linear arcs, ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮᎲᎢ tectonic ᎠᏖᎵᏙ boundaries ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗᎢ. ᎣᏓᎸ ᏗᏁᏝᎾ tends ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ discrete ᏗᎴᏪᎢᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ orogeny. ᎯᎠ orogeny ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎣᏂ ᎢᏧᏆᏗᏅᏓ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ uplifted ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ eroded ᎤᏣᏘᎾ, ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎤᎨᏓᎵᏴ-ᎠᎴ-ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ topography, ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎯᎠ uplift ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᎿᎢ. ᏔᎵ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᎣᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᎯ Ꭲgotlvhi ignelvhi ᎥᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎯᎠ ᏅᏯ reacts ᎯᎠ tectonic ᎠᏂᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ – ᏍᏆᎳ ᎠᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏇᏅᏗ ᏙᏓᎸ.
ᎯᎠ compressional ᎠᏂᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ continental collisions ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ compressed ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ thicken, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏩᏌᏙᏴ upwards. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎤᏘᏴᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏓᎨᏒ, ᎤᏣᏘ ᎯᎠ compressed ᏅᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏩᏌᏙᏴ downwards, ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᏍᏛᎩ "ᎣᏓᎸ roots". ᏙᏓᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ downwards ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ upwards (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ isostasy). ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎦᏛ continental collisions ᎢᎦᏛ ᏌᏊ ᎡᏆ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾᏊ ᎠᏓᎳᏍᏓᎡᏗ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ, crumpling ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ.
ᎢᎦᏛ isolated ᏙᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ volcanoes, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏘᏉ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎽᏰᎵᎾ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᏍᏗ ᎡᏆ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏯᏖᏃᎯ.
ᏍᏆᎳ ᎠᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎡᏆ areas ᎠᎴ widely ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᏳᏅᎢᏌᏛ creating ᎡᏆ vertical displacements. ᎯᎠ uplifted ᏍᏆᎳ ᏗᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏍᏆᎳ ᎠᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ horst. ᎯᎠ intervening ᎤᏬᎭᏒᎩ ᏍᏆᎳ ᏗᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᎠᎴ termed graben: ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ rift ᎤᎨᏓᎵᏴ systems. ᎪᎯ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᎸᎬ Africa, ᎯᎠ Vosges, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ province ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Rhine ᎤᎨᏓᎵᏴ.
ᎭᏢᏃ ᏅᏯ ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᏳᏩᏂᏌᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ folds, ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ symmetrically ᎠᎴ asymmetrically. ᎯᎠ upfolds ᎠᎴ anticlines ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ downfolds ᎠᎴ synclines; ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ asymmetric folding ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ recumbent ᎠᎴ overturned folds. ᎯᎠ Jura ᏙᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ folding. ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏩiyuwakodi, erosion ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ inversion ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ: ᎯᎠ ᏩᏂᎨᎢ upthrust ᏅᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ anticlines ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᎡᎳᏗᎨ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ tougher, ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ compressed ᏅᏯ ᎯᎠ synclines.
ᎾᎥᎢ definitions[edit]
United ᎧᏃᎮᎭ[edit]
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ United ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᎣᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ 1,000 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (304.4 metres) ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎭᏫᏂ summit. ᎦᏚᏏ ᎨᏒᎢ 500 (152.4 metres) 999 (304 metres) ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ. discernible ᎦᏚᏏ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 500 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ knoll. ᎧᏁᏉᎥᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ knolls constitutes ᎦᏐᏆᎴᏍᎬ ᏂᎬᏅ. ᏂᎬᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ Ꮭ significant prominences (e.g., "ᏗᎦᏚᏏ" ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 20 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ varies ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎬᏅ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ).[citation needed]
United ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏒ[edit]
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ England ᎠᎴ Wales ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Environment, ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏛ ᏕᎦᏅᏅ ᏂᏚᎾᏛᏁᎵᏙᎸ ᎤᎭ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ "ᎣᏓᎸ" (ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏚᏙᎥᎢ) ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 600 metres, ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏚᏰᎸᏛᎢ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎡᏙᎲᎢ ᏗᎧᏃᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏓᏃᏢᏍᎬ. ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏍᏚᏗ metric equivalent 2,000 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (609.6 m). [2] ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏓᏅᏘᏐᏗ (Scotland) ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ 2003 ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏎᎯᏍᏗ ᎪᎯ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Scotland ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ "ᎣᏓᎸ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ subjective, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏗᎦᏚᏏ exceeding 3,000 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (914.4 m) listed ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Munro, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎡᎳᏗᎨ ᏗᎦᏚᏏ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ distinctive ᎠᎴ mountainous. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ United ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ "ᎦᏚᏏ" ᎨᏒᎢ commonly ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏗᎦᏚᏏ ᎠᎴ ᏙᏓᎸ, regardless ᏂᎦᏛᎢ.
ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ[edit]
- ᎧᏅᏑᎸ ᏙᏓᎸ
- ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᏙᏓᎸ
- ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᏙᏓᎸ
- Latin ᏚᎾᏙᎥ ᏙᏓᎸ
- ᎣᏓᎸ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎠᎴ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎣᏓᎸ ranges
- ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎾᎿ Venus
- ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏒᏃᏱ ᎡᎯ ᏅᏙ
- ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᏙᏓᎸ ᎾᎿ Mars
- Pyramidal ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ
- ᎠᏍᏛ ᏕᎦᏅᏅ
- Mountaineering
External ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ[edit]
- Pics from the Tatra Mountains - Poland
- Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia - exhaustive ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎤᏴᏢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ peaks, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ unnamed ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ. ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏍᏆᏂᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Canada.
ᏫᏓᏎᎸᎢ[edit]
- Fraknoi, ., Morrison, D., & Wolff, . (2004). Voyages ᎯᎠ Planets. 3rd Ed. Belmont: Thomson ᏗᎪᏪᎵ/Cole.
